chlorine disinfection & hypochlorous acid

Chlorine disinfection relies on hypochlorous acid (HClO). Although the exact mechanism by which chlorine compounds act is undetermined, it is clear that they do not create self-resistant pathogens unlike other common disinfectants. Chlorine disinfectation is also approved in a wide variety of sensitive applications such as food preparation, agriculture, and drinking water. In many configurations, it also meets USDA organic requirements.

Unfortunately, many chlorine products face significant challenges such as stability (longevity), safety, toxicity, and the high concentration of chlorine required for effective HClO solutions. The most common chlorine disinfectant product is chlorine bleach (sodium hypochlorite). As a concentrate, bleach typically has a Free Available Chlorine (FAC) concentration of 50-80,000 ppm (5,000-8,000ppm at dilution), and lasts for 6 months in proper storage. At dilution (use solution), it only last for hours.

As a concentrate, bleach is dangerous; requiring neoprene or rubber gloves, a face mask or safety goggles, and protective clothing. Among other concerns, It is defined as an “acute health hazard” and to be “very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects.”